Knowledge has always been primal to Indian civilization. But there are fundamental differences between Western episteme and Indian civilizational knowledge.

परमाणु is not atom, history is not इतिहास. Similarly, many works have tried to incorporate concepts like कर्म as action, प्रत्यक्ष as perception, or साक्षी as witness. Such imprecise translations do not do justice to the profound significance of these concepts within the Indian Knowledge System. To establish IKS as a universal episteme, we have to use models of thoughts that are derived from our śāstras. Both वस्तु (content) and वास्तु (form) need to emerge from there.